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"First they came ..." is a famous statement and provocative poem written by Pastor Martin Niemöller (1892–1984) about the cowardice of German intellectuals following the Nazis' rise to power and the subsequent purging of their chosen targets, group after group. Many variations and adaptations in the spirit of the original have been published in the English language. It deals with themes of persecution, guilt and responsibility. ==The text== The best-known versions of the speech are the poems that began circulating by the 1950s. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum quotes the following text as one of the many poetic versions of the speech:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007392 )〕 Niemöller created multiple versions of the text during his career. The earliest speeches, written in 1946, list the communists, incurable patients, Jews or Jehovah's Witnesses, and civilians in countries occupied by Nazi Germany. In all versions, the impact is carefully built up, by going from the "smallest, most distant" group to the largest, Jewish, group, .... and then finally to himself as a by then outspoken critic of Nazism. Niemöller made the cardinal "who cares about them," clear in his speech for the Confessing Church in Frankfurt on 6 January 1946, of which this is a partial translation:〔 This speech was translated and published in English in 1947, but was later retracted when it was alleged that Niemöller was an early supporter of the Nazis.〔Marcuse, Harold. (“Of Guilt and Hope, by Martin Niemöller.” ) University of California at Santa Barbara.〕 The "sick, the so-called incurables" were killed in Action T4. A 1955 version of the speech, mentioned in an interview of a German professor quoting Niemöller, lists communists, socialists, schools, Jews, the press, and the Church. An American version delivered by a congressman in 1968 anachronistically includes the industrialists, who were not persecuted by the Nazis, and omits the Communists. In 1976, Niemöller gave the following answer in response to an interview question asking about the origins of the poem.〔 The Martin-Niemöller-Foundation considers this the "classical" version of the speech:〔(Was sagte Niemöller wirklich? )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「First they came ...」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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